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Tests for cancer are almost never painful because we use anesthetics; local anesthetics, which freeze the skin and underlying tissue in order to access the biopsy painlessly.

For most biopsies there are no risks in having the procedures performed and there are no associations between biopsies and the spread of cancer. However, for some specific and rare cancers it is felt better not to do the biopsy at the time, but to wait and carry out a definitive surgery. Either way, a tissue diagnosis has to be made whether that is by biopsy or by surgery.